Method of producing paths, road surfaces, floorings, and the like



Dec. 20,l 1938." l D. KoMLos 2,140,634 METHOD OF PRODUCING PATHS, ROAD SURFACE-S, 4FLOORINGS, vAND THE LIKE Filed March 2, 1935 2 sheets-sheet 1 VAX Y Fia rronA/e Ys DfKoMLos 2,140,634 METHOD OF PRODUCING PATHS, ROAD SURFACES, FLOORINGS, AND THE LIKE De.; zo, 193s.

l Filed Mar-Oh 2, 1935 2 lSheets-Shec 2 ,/7///I///////////// 'Fiq n Pf3. `lo.

, Afm-Afrox.

. DEZSO Kan/.05'

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Patented Decf 20, 1938 l n A 2,140,634

PATENT i OFFICE 1i n 2,140,634 f i. ME'rnooF PiwDUclNG' PATHS, ROAD SUR- 4;.rAoEs,FLooRIisrGs, AND THE LIKE Y lKoinlos,` Gelders Green, London, England Application March 2,1935, Serial No. 9,055

lIn GreatBritain March 6, v1934 ,n k M 1f13`c1ei 1ps. (c1. 94-22) --Thepresent invention `relates to the production of road surfaces, side walks, floorings, borderings,

ytennis courts, road-and the like structures,v and f solldvbodies, erg. tiles and bricks. I'Ihe object of this-'inventionY is to obtain a-surface orrA structure ofyadurableiyet Ysomewhatof a cushioning or y, shock -orload absorbing nature, and' which vvill not get tackyorsoft Ywhen subjected to the in-y fluenceof heat in hot-`vveath'er.` A further object offthis inventionis to enable seamless surfaces to beobtainedwhichwill not crack or become distorted under changes -in temperature land I also Whichj will readily adjust themselves in longitudinal', transverse and vertical directions. l

"-@A' number'of oils have-the property of drying Whenegxposed tothe airl and of forming an initiali ly viscousand subsequently more or less hard sub-` stance. The use of such oils in the preparation of 'cementing `'materials andy inthe manufacture of artificial stones is of/quite ancient origin; .'Vari ousmineral oils havey been usedas stamping oils in the yproduction of4 artificial stones and'other materials. i `j-Segetable oils'have been usedas binding agents in conjunction'with various plastic earths, chalk,

lime, -sand, graphite, manganese fore, and'with Waterfsoluble mineralcolouring'agents to prepare 1 various cements and tojproduce/toyv bricks for f These 'cements and bricks are quite vhard and k remainhhard if plastic water-soluble: minerals Y l'iaveY been used for `their manufacture, andV provided-they do not come into contact with' cold/or yWarm water. In'water vthese earthy, -limy or challkyf'compounds become entirely soft so that` theyare uselessfor the purposes of Vroad construction, evenr if theirproperties Werejotherwise suitable.

' Nowthe inventorvhas foundthatall metals in afibrous or granulated condition andv all min-v erals` and ores in a similar condition provided they y,donot comprise Water-soluble components such a'searthy mineralpigments, earth, chalk, lime,

graphite, a `soft substance such as asbestos or the g like; but only what Iterm-as hard minerals, for

' instance, volcanicy or fmetamorphous rocks lor I, sand, gravel, flint, quartz or the likel in their pure and natural-state can be utilized individually or iny any convenient mixture thereof as the preA dominating constituent of a Water-insoluble, none y rusting'materialwhich -is as hard assteel and vcapable of being pressedandlused for all purposes offroadconstruction, by the addition to the seylectio'nsi'lbsta'nce of Ya vrelativ'ely small proportion',

pared linseed oil with an admixture of a relatively smallproportion of a dryer and in a somewhat inspissated form. The quantity of drier need only be 1% by Weight of the oil.`

The resultant mixture is pressed in situ and 5 an essential part of this invention is .that the pressed mixture is converted by a chemical exothermic reaction into a high class road-making material this chemical reaction being assisted by coating the pressed material with a protective covering of suitable material, e. g. sand which will retain the heat generated by the chemical action for a protracted period. The resultant material possesses the first-class qualities of a synthetic material which after drying can be 1'5 l sawn, cut, drilled, turned, planed or nailed like ier .droxide is boiled in the oil to form a solution.

Theoomrnercial forms of linseed oil products which` contain concentrated fatty acids and res Alnates dissolved in `volatile solvents and admixed tofthe linseed oil are unsuitable for the above stated purpose as the employment of the said compounds robs the siccative oils of their required 'caoutchouc-like properties which it is desired to achieve by lthe present invention, and as a consequence the road Ymaking materials prepared from them are liable to become brittle. The caoutchouc-like consistency of the binding agents can be varied in degree at will. The longer these Yoils are subject to a process of thickening at tcmperatures not exceeding 260 to 300 C. the more 40 caoutchouc-likeis the final product obtained.

IThe chemical exothermic reaction tc which these caoutchouc-like substances are subjected comprises. two `distinct simultaneous reactions.

lOn theone hand, there is an oxidation, in other Vwords. oxygen, is absorbed from the atmosphere in quantities which can be determined by Weighing. and, on the other hand, there is a process of polymerization, that is to say, an agglomeration lof molecules which occurs in the chemical struc 50 ture of the substance.

In view of the fact that the length of time required for the completion of the chemical-exo- ,thermic' reaotionl after the material has been pressed,fgreatl-y fdepends upon the season, the 55 winter.

In order to ensure that the requisite ratio of' binding agents is obtained a'well-known type of automatic pump feeding device canbe built 'onA to the mixing machine. The mixed materials are then delivered directly on to the road where the road surface is made by compression in' a few seconds with the help of a continuously and progressively working pressing and scraping machine. f

Five to six hoursafter pressing, the chemical exothermic process begins which automatically generates heat in the pressedcaoutchoucdike road surface until a temperature of 120 to 150 C. is reached. The longer the temperaturegenerated in the pressed'road surface can be maintained at the stated level and particularly also if protection is affordedagainst rain Aand pre-mature cooling the more resistant .will be the'nal prod.- uct and the more rapid will the process be completed. It is, therefore, a decided advantage to cover the entire road surface after heat has begun to be generated with a layer of sand which' has been preheated to a similar temperature and to have this layer on the road surface for a period of at least 48 hours. Y

The reaction is completed during the stated period of 48 hours and the road surface produced.

The sandV can be removed or used again, and after rthe surface has become perfectly cool and dry it is ready for traffic.

However, the chemical exothermic reaction is also set up if the described safeguardingV measures arenot carried out but in such case the completion of the process requires at least fourteen days.

In winter the process is very similar, but it is; necessary in winter to preheat the road to a tem? perature approaching the reaction temperature of approximately 150 C. Otherwise the process is similar, excepting that in cold weather the reaction takes appreciablylonger and that the layer of sand must be left onthe road for at least 4 to 5 days. When using arreliable and! well tested oven preheater 5 Vto,6 kilometers of a road can be maintained at the reaction temp erature every day and seeing that the operating of preheating one yard hardly costs one penny to twopence per day it is advisable to employ the preheating apparatus' both in summer and in The attached two sheets of drawings diagrammatioally show two rexamplary ways of carrying out the process, and whereinz- Fig. 1 to Fig. 5 show varies sections of road structures. I

Fig. 6 shows in sectional end elevation a pair of road borderings. Y l Y f Fig. '7 is a section through an alternative construction of road surface. Y

Fig. 8 shows a'suitable substructure with borderings integral therewith, and Y Fig. 9 and Fig. 10V are sectional elevation and plan views respectively of a road assembly.

Referring to the drawings Fig -1 shows in sec' walls.

tional elevation a road surface A with the substructure B in a condition requiring repairs.

Fig. 2 again shows in sectional elevation a road surface A with its substructure B requiring re-Q pairs, with two safety walls C along the sides of the'road and made fin situ of the caoutchouclike sand material and pressed into the substructure.' The road surface contains an` impregnated vlayer of sand of approximately 10 to mm. thickness between the walls C and the substructure B. The purpose of the walls C is `to hold in position the layer of `sand or the balls subsequently described with reference to Fig. 7.

Fig. 3 shows aloose layer-of sand D 20 mm.. thickonrthe road substructure B and between the lateral walls C. Y

Fig. 4 shows the road surface A requiring repairs With a thick loose mm. layer of sand on the road substructure D between the lateral walls C and a freshly made seamless caoutchouc-like road surface F and E pressed in one piecewithout lateral bordering G, Figure 6. n

The construction of the new road surface Vis usually carried rout in two layers, namely of a liner caoutchouc-like layer of sand F of aV thickness of 4 to 5` centimetres vand of a rougher caoutchouc-like layer of flint or fibrous steel E of a thickness of 3 centimetres and Vthese two layers form a one-piece seamless surface which after compression is y7. to 8 centimetres thick. Owing to the effect of the chemical reaction 'the resultant coefficient of expansion of the materials is uniform.

Fig. 5 shows a road surface freshly constructed Y diameter'of about 20 to 30 mm., arranged be-4 tween the lateral walls C, the surface F and E andthe substructure B, complete with the bordering G. Fig. rshows a substructure such as may be necessary in reconstructing a road, with two integral. lateral walls,V pressed in situ in one piece and consisting of the same cheap caoutchouc-like sand predominating material.

' Fig. 9 shows a road surface E and F made of the same material, a road substructure B with a sidewalk H on either side and a drainage system and ducts J pressed from the same material.

Fig. 10 is the plan of a freshly constructed caoutchouc-like road surface. l The covering plates of the drainage ducts J are at K. L is a drain pressed into the road surface. M is a coloured road warningy sign which is also pressed into the road surface. The said balls N can be used to prevent the upper road surface from ad'- hering to the road substructure and the lateral By using the safety walls C, the lateral borderings G, Fig. 6 (which can be pressed into any desired shapes) and lastly by using the layer vof sand D which permits expansion to take place or alternatively of the hard porcelain balls N the washing away of the sand by rain is rendered impossible. On the other hand,vthe above menand which are suspended like a. link-chain suspension bridge and can move as if borne on a ball bearing.

kIn muy districts it is desirable to add 1% or ycheap mineral oil to the sand before use to hold it imposition in the road.

When' erecting buil-dings the substructure of .y thebuildings can also be pressed in one piece in situin the same material, lateral Walls such as previously described being employed for such purpose. f

WhenA adopting the hereinbefore described methods of supporting a road surface the road Vsurface can be constructed of other materials such asr concrete, asphalt, tar and other bitumino materials.

I claimzf y 1,. The herein described methodof forming road 4vcoverings, tennis courts and analogous hard durable surfaces and products, consisting in mixing' intimately a granulated non-powdery hard non` water-soluble mineral and about-3 to 5%' thereof of a siccative oil and a dryer as a relatively smaller proportion of the oil with substantially total absence of Water, pressing such mixturein situ, and entirely covering the mixture after it has been f pressed in situ with a layer of heat retaining material, heating such coveringmaterial kto approxvQimately 120 to 150 C. and maintaining it over the ymixture for a period of vat least forty-eight hours for the purpose of converting the pressed mixture by chemical exothermic reaction into a -hard mass.

2. Method of laying a road covering, tennis court or the like comprising mixing With a substantially water free granulated non-powdery of at least forty-eight hours with a layer of sand heated to approximately 120 to 150 C.

3. Method of laying a road covering, tennis court or 'the like comprising mixing with a substantially Water free granulatednon-powderyhard non-Water-soluble mineral about 3 to 5% thereof L of a linseed oil and a considerably smaller proportion of a dryer, spreading a layer of sand on the site, spreading they said mixture upon said layer of sand, compressing the spreaded composition to the desired shape of road or like surface and after an interval of from five to six hours covering the compressed surface for a period of at least forty-eight hours with a layer of sand heated to approximately 120 to 150 C.

' DEZSO KOMLOS. 

